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Research By Condition

Browse our collection of current and relevant research
related to cannabinoid-based therapies.

Addictions / Withdrawal

 

 

 

 

    • Shover, C. L., Davis, C. S., Gordon, S. C., & Humphreys, K. (2019). Association between medical cannabis
      laws and opioid overdose mortality has reversed over time. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
      States of America, 116(26), 12624–12626. https://www.pnas.org/content/116/26/12624

 

 

 

    • Philippe Lucas, Amanda Reiman, Mitch Earleywine, Stephanie K. McGowan, Megan Oleson, Michael P. Coward &
      Brian Thomas (2013) Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs: A dispensary-based survey of substitution
      effect in Canadian medical cannabis patients, Addiction Research & Theory, 21:5, 435-442, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/16066359.2012.733465

 

 

 

ALS

 

 

Anorexia Nervosa

 

 

    • Avraham, Y., Latzer, Y., Hasid, D., & Berry, E. M. (2017). The Impact of Δ9-THC on the Psychological Symptoms of
      Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study. The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences, 54(3), 44–51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29735812/

 

Anxiety

    • HBotsford, S. L., Yang, S., & George, T. P. (2020). Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Impact on
      Illness Onset and Course, and Assessment of Therapeutic Potential. The American journal on addictions, 29(1), 9–26. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajad.12963

 

 

 

 

    • Hoch, E., Niemann, D., von Keller, R., Schneider, M., Friemel, C. M., Preuss, U. W., Hasan, A., & Pogarell, O. (2019).
      How effective and safe is medical cannabis as a treatment of mental disorders? A systematic review. European archives of
      psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 269(1), 87–105. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00406-019-00984-4

 

 

 

Arthritis

    • Botsford, S. L., Yang, S., & George, T. P. (2020). Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Impact on
      Illness Onset and Course, and Assessment of Therapeutic Potential. The American journal on addictions, 29(1), 9–26. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajad.12963

 

 

 

Asthma/COPD

 

    • Kemper, J.A., Honig, E.G., and Martin, G.S. (2015, February). The effects of marijuana exposure on expiratory airflow. A
      study of adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Annals of American Thoracic Society, 12(2), 135-41. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201407-333OC

 

 

    • Tan, W. C., Lo, C., Jong, A., Xing, L., Fitzgerald, M. J., Vollmer, W. M., Buist, S. A., Sin, D. D., & Vancouver Burden
      of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Research Group (2009). Marijuana and chronic obstructive lung disease: a population-based study. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 180(8), 814–820. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/180/8/814

 

    • Tashkin D. P. (2009). Does smoking marijuana increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?. CMAJ :
      Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 180(8), 797–798. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/180/8/797

 

 

 

Autism

    • Aran, A., Cassuto, H., Lubotzky, A., Wattad, N., & Hazan, E. (2019). Brief Report: Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis in Children
      with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Severe Behavioral Problems-A Retrospective Feasibility Study. Journal of autism and
      developmental disorders, 49(3), 1284–1288. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10803-018-3808-2

 

    • Bar-Lev Schleider, L., Mechoulam, R., Saban, N., Meiri, G., & Novack, V. (2019). Real life Experience of Medical
      Cannabis Treatment in Autism: Analysis of Safety and Efficacy. Scientific reports, 9(1), 200 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37570-y

 

 

 

Cancer

Cancer Treatment Side Effects

 

    • Bar-Sela, G., Zalman, D., Semenysty, V., & Ballan, E. (2019). The Effects of Dosage-Controlled Cannabis Capsules on
      Cancer-Related Cachexia and Anorexia Syndrome in Advanced Cancer Patients: Pilot Study. Integrative cancer therapies,
      18, 1534735419881498. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1534735419881498

 

 

 

 

 

    • Mücke, M., Weier, M., Carter, C., Copeland, J., Degenhardt, L., Cuhls, H., Radbruch, L., Häuser, W., & Conrad, R.
      (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and
      muscle, 9(2), 220–234. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcsm.12273

 

    • Sarid, N., Zada, M., Lev-Ran, S., Yashphe, E., Givon, I., Barzilai, M., Perry, C., Avivi, I., & Wolf, I. (2018). Medical
      Cannabis Use by Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients: Experience of a Single Center. Acta haematologica, 140(4), 194–202. https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/493567

 

    • Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T., Deutsch, R., Gouaux, B., Sakai, S., & Donaghe, H. (2013). Low-dose vaporized cannabis
      significantly improves neuropathic pain. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society, 14(2), 136–148. https://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(12)00864-4/fulltext

 

    • Brisbois, T.D., de Kock, I.H., Watanabe, S.M., Mirhosseini, M., Lamoureux, D.C., Chasen, M., MacDonald, N., Baracos,
      V.E., and Wismer, W.V. (2011, February 22). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol may palliate altered chemosensory perception in
      cancer patients: results of a randomized-double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Annals of Oncology, 22, 2086-2093. https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(19)38360-7/fulltext

 

    • Machado Rocha, F.C., Stefano, S.C., De Cassia Haiek, R., Rosa Oliveira, L.M., and Da Silveira, D.X. (2008, September).
      Therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients: systematic review
      and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cancer Care, 17(5), 431-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.00917.x

 

    • Guzmán, M., Duarte, M. J., Blázquez, C., Ravina, J., Rosa, M. C., Galve-Roperh, I., Sánchez, C., Velasco, G., &
      González-Feria, L. (2006). A pilot clinical study of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
      multiforme. British journal of cancer, 95(2), 197–203. https://www.nature.com/articles/6603236

 

    • Jatoi, A., Windschitl, H.E., Loprinzi, C.L., Sloan, J.A., Dakhil, S.R., Mailliard, J.A., Pundaleeka, S., Kardinal, C.G.,
      Fitch, T.R., Krook, J.E., Novotny, P.J., and Christensen, B. (2002). Dronabinol versus megestrol acetate versus
      combination therapy for cancer-associated anorexia: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20(2), 567-73. https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.2.567

 

 

Brain Cancer

    • Likar, R., Koestenberger, M., Stultschnig, M., & Nahler, G. (2019). Concomitant Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumours
      With CBD - A Case Series and Review of the Literature. Anticancer research, 39(10), 5797–5801. http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/39/10/5797

 

 

Breast Cancer

    • Kisková, T., Mungenast, F., Suváková, M., Jäger, W., & Thalhammer, T. (2019). Future Aspects for Cannabinoids in Breast
      Cancer Therapy. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(7), 1673. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/7/1673

 

    • R Mokoena, D., P George, B., & Abrahamse, H. (2019). Enhancing Breast Cancer Treatment Using a Combination of
      Cannabidiol and Gold Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(19), 4771. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4771

 

    • Rahman, S., Archana, A., Dutta, D., Kumar, V., Kim, J., Jan, A. T., & Minakshi, R. (2019). The onus of cannabinoids in
      interrupting the molecular odyssey of breast cancer: A critical perspective on UPRER and beyond. Saudi pharmaceutical
      journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 27(3), 437–445. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016419300064?via%3Dihub

 

    • Tomko, A., O'Leary, L., Trask, H., Achenbach, J. C., Hall, S. R., Goralski, K. B., Ellis, L. D., & Dupré, D. J. (2019).
      Antitumor Activity of Abnormal Cannabidiol and Its Analog O-1602 in Taxol-Resistant Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer.
      Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 1124. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01124

 

    • Blasco-Benito, S., Seijo-Vila, M., Caro-Villalobos, M., Tundidor, I., Andradas, C., García-Taboada, E., Wade, J., Smith,
      S., Guzmán, M., Pérez-Gómez, E., Gordon, M., & Sánchez, C. (2018). Appraising the "entourage effect": Antitumor action
      of a pure cannabinoid versus a botanical drug preparation in preclinical models of breast cancer. Biochemical
      pharmacology, 157, 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.025

 

    • Suzuki, M., Takeda, S., Okazaki, H., Watanabe, K., Takiguchi, M., & Aramaki, H. (2017). Cannabidiolic Acid-Mediated
      Interference with AP-1 Transcriptional Activity in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Natural product communications, 12(5), 759–761. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30496661/

 

    • Caffarel, M. M., Andradas, C., Pérez-Gómez, E., Guzmán, M., & Sánchez, C. (2012). Cannabinoids: a new hope for breast cancer therapy?. Cancer treatment reviews, 38(7), 911–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.005Caffarel, M. M., Andradas, C., Pérez-Gómez, E., Guzmán, M., & Sánchez, C. (2012). Cannabinoids: a new hope for breast cancer therapy?. Cancer treatment reviews, 38(7), 911–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.005

 

    • Takeda, S., Okajima, S., Miyoshi, H., Yoshida, K., Okamoto, Y., Okada, T., Amamoto, T., Watanabe, K., Omiecinski, C. J.,
      & Aramaki, H. (2012). Cannabidiolic acid, a major cannabinoid in fiber-type cannabis, is an inhibitor of MDA-MB-231
      breast cancer cell migration. Toxicology letters, 214(3), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.029

 

    • Shrivastava, A., Kuzontkoski, P. M., Groopman, J. E., & Prasad, A. (2011). Cannabidiol induces programmed cell death in
      breast cancer cells by coordinating the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy. Molecular cancer therapeutics,
      10(7), 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-1100

 

Lung Cancer

    • Haustein, M., Ramer, R., Linnebacher, M., Manda, K., & Hinz, B. (2014). Cannabinoids increase lung cancer cell lysis by
      lymphokine-activated killer cells via upregulation of ICAM-1. Biochemical pharmacology, 92(2), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.014

 

    • Ramer, R., Bublitz, K., Freimuth, N., Merkord, J., Rohde, H., Haustein, M., Borchert, P., Schmuhl, E., Linnebacher, M.,
      & Hinz, B. (2012). Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
      FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 26(4), 1535–1548. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-198184

 

Prostate Cancer

    • Mousa, A., Petrovic, M., & Fleshner, N. E. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of cannabis use among men receiving
      androgen-deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer. Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de
      l'Association des urologues du Canada, 14(1), E20–E26. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.5911

 

    • Orellana-Serradell, O., Poblete, C. E., Sanchez, C., Castellón, E. A., Gallegos, I., Huidobro, C., Llanos, M. N., &
      Contreras, H. R. (2015). Proapoptotic effect of endocannabinoids in prostate cancer cells. Oncology reports, 33(4), 1599–1608. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.3746

 

    • De Petrocellis, L., Ligresti, A., Schiano Moriello, A., Iappelli, M., Verde, R., Stott, C. G., Cristino, L., Orlando,
      P., & Di Marzo, V. (2013). Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: pro-apoptotic
      effects and underlying mechanisms. British journal of pharmacology, 168(1), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02027.x

 

 

 

Chronic Pain

    • Bonar, E. E., Cranford, J. A., Arterberry, B. J., Walton, M. A., Bohnert, K. M., & Ilgen, M. A. (2019). Driving under
      the influence of cannabis among medical cannabis patients with chronic pain. Drug and alcohol dependence, 195, 193–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.016

 

    • Goggin, M. M., Shahriar, B. J., Stead, A., & Janis, G. C. (2019). Reduced urinary opioid levels from pain management
      patients associated with marijuana use. Pain management, 9(5), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2019-0017

 

    • Hawley, P., & Gobbo, M. (2019). Cannabis use in cancer: a survey of the current state at BC Cancer before recreational
      legalization in Canada. Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 26(4), e425–e432. https://doi.org/10.3747/co.26.4743

 

    • Li, X., Vigil, J. M., Stith, S. S., Brockelman, F., Keeling, K., & Hall, B. (2019). The effectiveness of self-directed
      medical cannabis treatment for pain. Complementary therapies in medicine, 46, 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.07.022

 

    • Madden, K., George, A., van der Hoek, N. J., Borim, F. M., Mammen, G., & Bhandari, M. (2019). Cannabis for pain in
      orthopedics: a systematic review focusing on study methodology. Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de
      chirurgie, 62(6), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.001018

 

    • O'Connell, M., Sandgren, M., Frantzen, L., Bower, E., & Erickson, B. (2019). Medical Cannabis: Effects on Opioid and
      Benzodiazepine Requirements for Pain Control. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 53(11), 1081–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028019854221

 

 

    • Shin, S., Mitchell, C., Mannion, K., Smolyn, J., & Meghani, S. H. (2019). An Integrated Review of Cannabis and
      Cannabinoids in Adult Oncologic Pain Management. Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of
      Pain Management Nurses, 20(3), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2018.09.006

 

    • Stockings, E., Campbell, G., Hall, W. D., Nielsen, S., Zagic, D., Rahman, R., Murnion, B., Farrell, M., Weier, M., &
      Degenhardt, L. (2018). Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of people with chronic noncancer pain conditions: a
      systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and observational studies. Pain, 159(10), 1932–1954. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001293

 

    • Carlini, B.H., Garrett, S.B., and Carter, G.T. (2015, September). Medicinal Cannabis: A Survey Among Health Care
      Providers in Washington State. The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909115604669

 

    • Perron, B. E., Bohnert, K., Perone, A. K., Bonn-Miller, M. O., & Ilgen, M. (2015). Use of prescription pain medications
      among medical cannabis patients: comparisons of pain levels, functioning, and patterns of alcohol and other drug use.
      Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 76(3), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2015.76.406

 

    • Ware, M.A., Wang, T., Shapiro, S., and Collet, J.P. (2015, September 15). Cannabis for the Management of Pain:
      Assessment of Safety Study (COMPASS). The Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.07.014

 

 

    • Borgelt, L.M., Franson, K.L., Nussbaum, A.M., Wang, G.S. (2013, February). The pharmacologic and clinical effects of
      medical cannabis. Pharmacotherapy, 33(2), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1187

 

 

    • Abrams, D.I., Couey, P., Shade, S.B., Kelly, M.E., and Benowitz, N.L. (2011, December). Cannabinoid–Opioid Interaction
      in Chronic Pain. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 90(6), 844-51. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2011.188

 

    • Hirsh, A. T., Kratz, A. L., Engel, J. M., & Jensen, M. P. (2011). Survey results of pain treatments in adults with
      cerebral palsy. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 90(3), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182063bc9

 

    • Staahl, C., Olesen, A. E., Andresen, T., Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Drewes, A. M. (2009). Assessing efficacy of non-opioid
      analgesics in experimental pain models in healthy volunteers: an updated review. British journal of clinical
      pharmacology, 68(3), 322–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03433.x

 

    • John D. Roberts, Chris Gennings, Margaret Shih, Synergistic affective analgesic interaction between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine, European Journal of Pharmacology, Volume 530, Issues 1–2, 2006, Pages 54-58, ISSN 0014-2999, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.036

 

 

Crohn's Disease

    • Halbmeijer, N., Groeneweg, M., & De Ridder, L. (2019). Cannabis, a potential treatment option in pediatric IBD? Still a
      long way to go. Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 12(4), 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2019.1582330

 

    • Hoffenberg, E. J., McWilliams, S., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S., Murphy, B., Hoffenberg, A., & Hopfer, C. J. (2019). Cannabis
      Oil Use by Adolescents and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and
      nutrition, 68(3), 348–352. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002189

 

    • Mack, D. R., Benchimol, E. I., Critch, J., deBruyn, J., Tse, F., Moayyedi, P., Church, P., Deslandres, C., El-Matary,
      W., Huynh, H., Jantchou, P., Lawrence, S., Otley, A., Sherlock, M., Walters, T., Kappelman, M. D., Sadowski, D.,
      Marshall, J. K., & Griffiths, A. (2019). Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline for the
      Medical Management of Pediatric Luminal Crohn's Disease. Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 2(3), e35–e63. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz018

 

    • Phatak, U. P., Alper, A., & Pashankar, D. S. (2019). Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Children With
      Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 68(2), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002218

 

    • Quezada, S. M., & Cross, R. K. (2019). Cannabis and Turmeric as Complementary Treatments for IBD and Other Digestive
      Diseases. Current gastroenterology reports, 21(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-019-0670-0

 

    • Swaminath, A., Berlin, E. P., Cheifetz, A., Hoffenberg, E., Kinnucan, J., Wingate, L., Buchanan, S., Zmeter, N., &
      Rubin, D. T. (2019). The Role of Cannabis in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Clinical,
      Scientific, and Regulatory Information. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 25(3), 427–435. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izy319

 

    • Ravikoff Allegretti, J., Courtwright, A., Lucci, M., Korzenik, J. R., & Levine, J. (2013). Marijuana use patterns among
      patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 19(13), 2809–2814. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MIB.0000435851.94391.37

 

    • Lahat, A., Lang, A., and Ben-Horin, S. (2012). Impact of cannabis treatment on the quality of life, weight and clinical
      disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a pilot prospective study. Digestion, 85(1),1-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000332079

 

Depression

    • Elsaid, S., Kloiber, S., & Le Foll, B. (2019). Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of
      pre-clinical and clinical findings. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 167, 25–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.005

 

    • Khoury, J. M., Neves, M., Roque, M., Queiroz, D., Corrêa de Freitas, A. A., de Fátima, ., Moreira, F. A., & Garcia, F.
      D. (2019). Is there a role for cannabidiol in psychiatry?. The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official
      journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 20(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2017.1285049

 

    • Bricker, J.B., Russo, J., Stein, M.B., Sherbourne, C., Craske, M., Schraufnagel, T.J., and Roy-Byrne, P. (2007). Does
      occasional cannabis use impact anxiety and depression treatment outcomes?: Results from a randomized effectiveness trial. Depression and Anxiety, 24(6), 392-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20248

 

 

Diabetes

    • Gruden, G., Barutta, F., Kunos, G., & Pacher, P. (2016). Role of the endocannabinoid system in diabetes and diabetic
      complications. British journal of pharmacology, 173(7), 1116–1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13226

 

    • Di Marzo V., Piscitelli F., Mechoulam R. (2011) Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in Metabolic Disorders with Focus on
      Diabetes. In: Schwanstecher M. (eds) Diabetes - Perspectives in Drug Therapy. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol
      203. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17214-4_4

 

Dystonia

    • Mascia, M. M., Carmagnini, D., & Defazio, G. (2020). Cannabinoids and dystonia: an issue yet to be defined. Neurological
      sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology,
      41(4), 783–787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-04196-5

 

    • Wilson, J. L., Gregory, A., Wakeman, K., Freed, A., Rai, P., Roberts, C., Hayflick, S. J., & Hogarth, P. (2020).
      Cannabis Use in Children With Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. Journal of child neurology, 35(4), 259–264.
      https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073819890516

 

    • Libzon, S., Schleider, L. B., Saban, N., Levit, L., Tamari, Y., Linder, I., Lerman-Sagie, T., & Blumkin, L. (2018).
      Medical Cannabis for Pediatric Moderate to Severe Complex Motor Disorders. Journal of child neurology, 33(9), 565–571.
      https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073818773028

 

    • Lim, K., See, Y. M., & Lee, J. (2017). A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Medical Cannabis for Psychiatric,
      Movement and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal
      of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(4), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2017.15.4.301

 

    • Uribe Roca, M.C., Micheli, F., and Viotti, R. (2005, January). Cannabis sativa and dystonia secondary to Wilson’s
      disease. Movement Disorders, 20(1), 113-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20268

 

    • Jabusch, H.C., Schneider, U., and Altenmuller, E. (2004, August). Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol improves motor control in
      a patient with musician’s dystonia. Movement Disorders, 19(8), 990-1. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20214

 

    • Chatterjee, A., Almahrezi, A., Ware, M., and Fitzcharles, M.A. (2002, July). A dramatic response to inhaled cannabis in
      a woman with central thalamic pain and dystonia. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 24(1), 4-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(02)00426-8

 

Epilepsy

    • Cristino, L., Bisogno, T., & Di Marzo, V. (2020). Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological
      disorders. Nature reviews. Neurology, 16(1), 9–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-019-0284-z

 

    • Huntsman, R. J., Tang-Wai, R., & Shackelford, A. E. (2020). Cannabis for Pediatric Epilepsy. Journal of clinical
      neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society, 37(1), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000000641

 

    • Ali, S., Scheffer, I. E., & Sadleir, L. G. (2019). Efficacy of cannabinoids in paediatric epilepsy. Developmental
      medicine and child neurology, 61(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14087

 

    • Dale, T., Downs, J., Olson, H., Bergin, A. M., Smith, S., & Leonard, H. (2019). Cannabis for refractory epilepsy in
      children: A review focusing on CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder. Epilepsy research, 151, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.02.001

 

    • Elliott, J., DeJean, D., Clifford, T., Coyle, D., Potter, B. K., Skidmore, B., Alexander, C., Repetski, A. E., Shukla,
      V., McCoy, B., & Wells, G. A. (2019). Cannabis-based products for pediatric epilepsy: A systematic review. Epilepsia, 60(1), 6–19.
      https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.14608

 

    • Elsaid, S., Kloiber, S., & Le Foll, B. (2019). Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of
      pre-clinical and clinical findings. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 167, 25–75.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.005

 

    • Lattanzi, S., Trinka, E., Russo, E., Striano, P., Citraro, R., Silvestrini, M., & Brigo, F. (2019). Cannabidiol as
      adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. Drugs of today (Barcelona,
      Spain : 1998), 55(3), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1358/dot.2019.55.3.2909248

 

    • Silvestro, S., Mammana, S., Cavalli, E., Bramanti, P., & Mazzon, E. (2019). Use of Cannabidiol in the Treatment of
      Epilepsy: Efficacy and Security in Clinical Trials. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 24(8), 1459.
      https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081459

 

    • Wahby, S., Karnik, V., Brobbey, A., Wiebe, S., Sajobi, T., & Josephson, C. B. (2019). Cannabis use is both independently
      associated with and mediates worse psychosocial health in patients with epilepsy. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery,
      and psychiatry, 90(8), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-319780

 

Fibromyalgia

    • Giorgi, V., Bongiovanni, S., Atzeni, F., Marotto, D., Salaffi, F., & Sarzi-Puttini, P. (2020). Adding medical cannabis
      to standard analgesic treatment for fibromyalgia: a prospective observational study. Clinical and experimental
      rheumatology, 38 Suppl 123(1), 53–59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32116208/

 

    • Stetten, N., Pomeranz, J., Moorhouse, M., Yurasek, A., & Blue, A. V. (2020). The level of evidence of medical marijuana
      use for treating disabilities: a scoping review. Disability and rehabilitation, 42(9), 1190–1201.
      https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1523952

 

    • Sagy, I., Bar-Lev Schleider, L., Abu-Shakra, M., & Novack, V. (2019). Safety and Efficacy of Medical Cannabis in
      Fibromyalgia. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(6), 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060807

 

    • Van de Donk, T., Niesters, M., Kowal, M. A., Olofsen, E., Dahan, A., & van Velzen, M. (2019). An experimental randomized
      study on the analgesic effects of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia. Pain, 160(4), 860–869.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001464

 

    • Yassin, M., Oron, A., & Robinson, D. (2019). Effect of adding medical cannabis to analgesic treatment in patients with
      low back pain related to fibromyalgia: an observational cross-over single centre study. Clinical and experimental
      rheumatology, 37 Suppl 116(1), 13–20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30418116/

 

    • De Souza Nascimento, S., Desantana, J. M., Nampo, F. K., Ribeiro, E. A., da Silva, D. L., Araújo-Júnior, J. X., da Silva
      Almeida, J. R., Bonjardim, L. R., de Souza Araújo, A. A., & Quintans-Júnior, L. J. (2013). Efficacy and safety of
      medicinal plants or related natural products for fibromyalgia: a systematic review. Evidence-based complementary and
      alternative medicine : eCAM, 2013, 149468. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/149468

 

    • Ste-Marie, P.A., Fitzcharles, M.A., Gamsa, A., Ware, M.A., and Shir, Y. (2012, August). Association of herbal cannabis
      use with negative psychosocial parameters in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care & Research, 64(8), 1202-8.
      https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.21732

 

    • Fiz, J., Durán, M., Capellà, D., Carbonell, J., & Farré, M. (2011). Cannabis use in patients with fibromyalgia: effect
      on symptoms relief and health-related quality of life. PloS one, 6(4), e18440.
      https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018440

 

Glaucoma

 

    • Merritt, J.C., Crawford, W.J., Alexander, P.C., Andruze, A.L., and Gelbart, S.S. (1980, March). Effect of marihuana on
      intraocular and blood pressure in glaucoma. Ophthalmology, 87(3), 222-8.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(80)35258-5

 

Hepatitis C

    • Fisher, B., Reimer, J., Firestone, M., Kalousek, K., Rehm, J., and Heathcote, J. (2006, October). Treatment for
      hepatitis C virus and cannabis use in illicit drug user patients: implications and questions. European Journal of
      Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 18(10), 1039-42.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/01.meg.0000236869.93527.b9

 

    • Sylvestre, D.L., Clements, B.J., and Malibu, Y. (2006, October). Cannabis use improves retention and virological
      outcomes in patients treated for hepatitis C. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 18(10), 1057-63.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/01.meg.0000216934.22114.51

 

HIV/AIDS

    • Amaniti, A., Sardeli, C., Fyntanidou, V., Papakonstantinou, P., Dalakakis, I., Mylonas, A., Sapalidis, K., Kosmidis, C.,
      Katsaounis, A., Giannakidis, D., Koulouris, C., Aidoni, Z., Michalopoulos, N., Zarogoulidis, P., Kesisoglou, I.,
      Ioannidis, A., Vagionas, A., Romanidis, K., Oikonomou, P., & Grosomanidis, V. (2019). Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for HIV-Neuropathy Pain. A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(12), 762.
      https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120762

 

    • Mücke, M., Weier, M., Carter, C., Copeland, J., Degenhardt, L., Cuhls, H., Radbruch, L., Häuser, W., & Conrad, R.
      (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and
      muscle, 9(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12273

 

    • Marcellin, F., Lions, C., Rosenthal, E., Roux, P., Sogni, P., Wittkop, L., Protopopescu, C., Spire, B., Salmon-Ceron,
      D., Dabis, F., Carrieri, M.P., for the HEPAVIH ANRS CO13 Study Group. (2016, April 13). No significant effect of
      cannabis use on the count and percentage of circulating CD4 T-cells in HIV-HCV co-infected patients (ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH
      French cohort). Drug and Alcohol Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12398

 

    • Abrams, D.I., Jay, C.A., Shade, S.B., Vizoso, H., Reda, H., Press, S., Kelly, M.E., Rowbotham, MC. and Petersen, KL.
      (2007, February). Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
      Neurology, 68(7), 515-21. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000253187.66183.9c

 

    • Abrams, D.I., Hilton, J.F., Leiser, R.J., Shade, S.B., Elbeik, T.A., Aweeka, F.T., Benowitz, N.L., Bredt, B.M., Kosel,
      B., Aberg, J.A., Deeks, S.G., Mitchell, T.F., Mulligan, K., Bacchetti, P., McCune, J.M., and Schambelan, M. (2003).
      Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1 infection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, 258-266.
      https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00008

 

    • Beal, J.E., Olson, R., Laubenstein, L., Morales, J.O., Bellman, P., Yangco, B., Lefkowitz, L, Plasse, T.F., and
      Shephard, KV. (1995, February). Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with
      AIDS. Journal of Pain and System Management, 10(2), 89-97.
      http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/0885-3924(94)00117-4/pdf

 

Huntington’s Disease

    • Cristino, L., Bisogno, T., & Di Marzo, V. (2020). Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological
      disorders. Nature reviews. Neurology, 16(1), 9–29.
      https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-019-0284-z

 

    • Elsaid, S., Kloiber, S., & Le Foll, B. (2019). Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of
      pre-clinical and clinical findings. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 167, 25–75.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.005

 

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

    • Pandey, S., Kashif, S., Youssef, M., Sarwal, S., Zraik, H., Singh, R., & Rutkofsky, I. H. (2020). Endocannabinoid system
      in irritable bowel syndrome and cannabis as a therapy. Complementary therapies in medicine, 48, 102242.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102242

 

    • Quezada, S. M., & Cross, R. K. (2019). Cannabis and Turmeric as Complementary Treatments for IBD and Other Digestive
      Diseases. Current gastroenterology reports, 21(2), 2.
      https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-019-0670-0

 

    • Storr, M., Devlin, S., Kaplan, G. G., Panaccione, R., & Andrews, C. N. (2014). Cannabis use provides symptom relief in
      patients with inflammatory bowel disease but is associated with worse disease prognosis in patients with Crohn's
      disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 20(3), 472–480.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MIB.0000440982.79036.d6

 

    • Ravikoff Allegretti, J., Courtwright, A., Lucci, M., Korzenik, J. R., & Levine, J. (2013). Marijuana use patterns among
      patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 19(13), 2809–2814.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MIB.0000435851.94391.37

 

    • Lahat, A., Lang, A., and Ben-Horin, S. (2012). Impact of cannabis treatment on the quality of life, weight and clinical
      disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a pilot prospective study. Digestion, 85(1), 1-8.
      https://doi.org/10.1159/000332079

 

    • Lal, S., Prasad, N., Ryan, M., Tangri, S., Silverberg, M.S., Gordon, A., and Steinhart, H. (2011, October). Cannabis use
      amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 23(10), 891-6.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e328349bb4c

 

Lupus

    • Sarzi-Puttini, P., Ablin, J., Trabelsi, A., Fitzcharles, M. A., Marotto, D., & Häuser, W. (2019). Cannabinoids in the
      treatment of rheumatic diseases: Pros and cons. Autoimmunity reviews, 18(12), 102409.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102409

 

    • Sarzi-Puttini, P., Batticciotto, A., Atzeni, F., Bazzichi, L., Di Franco, M., Salaffi, F., Marotto, D., Ceribelli, A.,
      Ablin, J. N., & Hauser, W. (2019). Medical cannabis and cannabinoids in rheumatology: where are we now?. Expert review
      of clinical immunology, 15(10), 1019–1032. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2019.1665997

 

Migraines/Cluster Headaches

    • Cuttler, C., Spradlin, A., Cleveland, M. J., & Craft, R. M. (2020). Short- and Long-Term Effects of Cannabis on Headache
      and Migraine. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society, 21(5-6), 722–730.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.001

 

 

    • Rhyne, D.N., Anderson, S.L., Gedde, M., and Borgelt, L.M. (2016, January 9). Effects of Medical Marijuana on Migraine
      Headache Frequency in an Adult Population. Pharmacotherapy, doi: 10.1002/phar.1673.
      https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1673

 

 

    • Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T., Deutsch, R., Gouaux, B., Sakai, S., & Donaghe, H. (2013). Low-dose vaporized cannabis
      significantly improves neuropathic pain. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society, 14(2), 136–148.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.009

 

Multiple Sclerosis

    • Gustavsen, S., Søndergaard, H. B., Andresen, S. R., Magyari, M., Sørensen, P. S., Sellebjerg, F., & Oturai, A. B.
      (2019). Illegal cannabis use is common among Danes with multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 33, 5–12.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2019.05.008

 

 

    • Urits, I., Adamian, L., Fiocchi, J., Hoyt, D., Ernst, C., Kaye, A. D., & Viswanath, O. (2019). Advances in the
      Understanding and Management of Chronic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis: a Comprehensive Review. Current pain and headache
      reports, 23(8), 59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-019-0800-2

 

    • Weinkle, L., Domen, C. H., Shelton, I., Sillau, S., Nair, K., & Alvarez, E. (2019). Exploring cannabis use by patients
      with multiple sclerosis in a state where cannabis is legal. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 27, 383–390.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.11.022

 

    • Pavisian, B., MacIntosh, B. J., Szilagyi, G., Staines, R. W., O'Connor, P., & Feinstein, A. (2014). Effects of cannabis
      on cognition in patients with MS: a psychometric and MRI study. Neurology, 82(21), 1879–1887.
      https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000446

 

    • Corey-Bloom, J., Wolfson, T., Gamst, A., Jin, S., Marcotte, T. D., Bentley, H., & Gouaux, B. (2012). Smoked cannabis for
      spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal =
      journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 184(10), 1143–1150.
      https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.110837

 

    • Honarmand, K., Tierney, M. C., O'Connor, P., & Feinstein, A. (2011). Effects of cannabis on cognitive function in
      patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 76(13), 1153–1160.
      https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318212ab0c

 

    • Thaera, G.M., Welik, K.E., Carter, J.L., Demaerschalk, B.M., and Wingerchuk, D.M. (2009, November). Do cannabinoids
      reduce multiple sclerosis-related spasticity? Neurologist, 15(6), 369-71.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/NRL.0b013e3181bf5572

 

    • Freeman, R.M., Adekanmi, O., Waterfield, M.R., Waterfield, A.E., Wright, D., and Zajicek, J. (2006, November). The
      effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS). International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, 17(6), 636-41.
      https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-006-0086-x

 

 

    • Zajicek, J., Fox, P., Sanders, H., Wright, D., Vickery, J., Nunn, A., Thompson, A., and UK MS Research Group. (2003,
      November 8). Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study):
      multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 362(9395), 1517-26.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14738-1

 

 

Muscle Spasms

    • Borgelt, L.M., Franson, K.L., Nussbaum, A.M., and Wang, G.S. (2013, February). The pharmacologic and clinical effects of
      medical cannabis. Pharmacotherapy, 33(2), 195-209.
      https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1187

 

Neuropathy

    • Amaniti, A., Sardeli, C., Fyntanidou, V., Papakonstantinou, P., Dalakakis, I., Mylonas, A., Sapalidis, K., Kosmidis, C.,
      Katsaounis, A., Giannakidis, D., Koulouris, C., Aidoni, Z., Michalopoulos, N., Zarogoulidis, P., Kesisoglou, I.,
      Ioannidis, A., Vagionas, A., Romanidis, K., Oikonomou, P., & Grosomanidis, V. (2019). Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for HIV-Neuropathy Pain. A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(12), 762.
      https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120762

 

 

    • Lake, S., Kerr, T., & Montaner, J. (2015). Prescribing medical cannabis in Canada: Are we being too cautious?. Canadian
      journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 106(5), e328–e330.
      https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.106.4926

 

    • Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T., Deutsch, R., Gouaux, B., Sakai, S., & Donaghe, H. (2013). Low-dose vaporized cannabis
      significantly improves neuropathic pain. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society, 14(2),
      136–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.009

 

Palliative Care

    • Mücke, M., Weier, M., Carter, C., Copeland, J., Degenhardt, L., Cuhls, H., Radbruch, L., Häuser, W., & Conrad, R.
      (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and
      muscle, 9(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12273

 

    • Ware, M.A., Wang, T., Shapiro, S., and Collet, J.P. (2015, September 15). Cannabis for the Management of Pain:
      Assessment of Safety Study (COMPASS). The Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.07.014

 

    • Borgelt, L.M., Franson, K.L., Nussbaum, A.M., and Wang, G.S. (2013, February). The pharmacologic and clinical effects of
      medical cannabis. Pharmacotherapy, 33(2), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1187

 

Parkinson’s Disease

    • Venderová, K., Růzicka, E., Vorísek, V., Visnovský, P. (2004, September). Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson’s disease:
      subjective improvement of motor symptoms. Movement Disorders, 19(9), 11-2-6.
      https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20111

 

    • Cristino, L., Bisogno, T., & Di Marzo, V. (2020). Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological
      disorders. Nature reviews. Neurology, 16(1), 9–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-019-0284-z

 

    • Ferreira-Junior, N. C., Campos, A. C., Guimarães, F. S., Del-Bel, E., Zimmermann, P., Brum Junior, L., Hallak, J. E.,
      Crippa, J. A., & Zuardi, A. W. (2020). Biological bases for a possible effect of cannabidiol in Parkinson's disease.
      Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 42(2), 218–224.
      https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0460

 

    • Elsaid, S., Kloiber, S., & Le Foll, B. (2019). Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of
      pre-clinical and clinical findings. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 167, 25–75.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.005

 

    • Shohet, A., Khlebtovsky, A., Roizen, N., Roditi, Y., and Djaldetti, R. (2016, October 10). Effect of medical cannabis on
      thermal quantitative measurements of pain in patients with Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Pain, doi:
      10.1002/ejp.942. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.942

 

    • Finseth, T. A., Hedeman, J. L., Brown, R. P., 2nd, Johnson, K. I., Binder, M. S., & Kluger, B. M. (2015). Self-reported
      efficacy of cannabis and other complementary medicine modalities by Parkinson's disease patients in colorado.
      Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2015, 874849.
      https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/874849

 

    • Lotan, I., Treves, T.A., Roditi, Y., and Djaldetti, R. (2014, March-April). Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for
      motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 37(2), 41-4.
      https://doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0000000000000016

 

PTSD

    • Botsford, S. L., Yang, S., & George, T. P. (2020). Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Impact on
      Illness Onset and Course, and Assessment of Therapeutic Potential. The American journal on addictions, 29(1), 9–26.
      https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12963

 

    • Hindocha, C., Cousijn, J., Rall, M., & Bloomfield, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of
      Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review. Journal of dual diagnosis, 16(1), 120–139.
      https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2019.1652380

 

    • Lake, S., Kerr, T., Buxton, J., Walsh, Z., Marshall, B. D., Wood, E., & Milloy, M. J. (2020). Does cannabis use modify
      the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on severe depression and suicidal ideation? Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study of Canadians. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 34(2), 181–188.
      https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119882806

 

    • Sarris, J., Sinclair, J., Karamacoska, D., Davidson, M., & Firth, J. (2020). Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric
      disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 24.
      https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2409-8

 

    • Elms, L., Shannon, S., Hughes, S., & Lewis, N. (2019). Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A
      Case Series. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 25(4), 392–397.
      https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2018.0437

 

    • Orsolini, L., Chiappini, S., Volpe, U., Berardis, D., Latini, R., Papanti, G. D., & Corkery, A. (2019). Use of Medicinal
      Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas,
      Lithuania), 55(9), 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090525

 

    • Walsh, Z., Gonzalez, R., Crosby, K., S Thiessmen, M., Carroll, C., and Bonn-Miller, M.O. (2016, October 12). Medical
      cannabis and mental health: A guided systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 15-29.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.002

 

    • Betthauser, K., Pilz, J., and Vollmer, L.E. (2015, August). Use and effects of cannabinoids in military veterans with
      posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 72(15), 1279-84.
      https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp140523

 

    • Bonn-Miller, M.O., Babson, K.A., and Vandrey, R. (2014, March 1). Using cannabis to help you sleep: heightened frequency
      of medical cannabis use among those with PTSD. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 136, 162-5.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.008

 

    • Greer, G.R., Grob, C.S., and Halberstadt, A.L. (2014, January-March). PTSD symptom reports of patients evaluated for the
      New Mexico Medical Cannabis Program. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46(1), 73-7.
      https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.873843

 

    • Roitman, P., Mechoulam, R., Cooper-Kazaz, R., and Shalev, A. (2014, August). Preliminary, open-­label, pilot study of
      add-­on oral Δ9-­tetrahydrocannabinol in chronic post-­traumatic stress disorder. Clinical Drug Investigation, 34(8), 587-591.
      https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-014-0212-3

 

    • Boden, M.T., Babson, K.A., Vujanovic, A.A., Short, N.A., and Bonn-Miller, M.O. (2013, May-June). Post-traumatic stress
      disorder and cannabis use characteristics among military veterans with cannabis dependence. The American Journal on
      Addictions, 22(3), 277-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.12018.x

 

    • Potter, C. M., Vujanovic, A. A., Marshall-Berenz, E. C., Bernstein, A., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2011). Posttraumatic
      stress and marijuana use coping motives: the mediating role of distress tolerance. Journal of anxiety disorders, 25(3),
      437–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.007

 

Sleep Disorders

    • Sznitman, S. R., Shochat, T., & Greene, T. (2020). Is time elapsed between cannabis use and sleep start time associated
      with sleep continuity? An experience sampling method. Drug and alcohol dependence, 208, 107846.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107846

 

    • Sznitman, S. R., Vulfsons, S., Meiri, D., & Weinstein, G. (2020). Medical cannabis and insomnia in older adults with
      chronic pain: a cross-sectional study. BMJ supportive & palliative care, bmjspcare-2019-001938. Advance online publication.
      https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001938

 

    • Bachhuber, M., Arnsten, J. H., & Wurm, G. (2019). Use of Cannabis to Relieve Pain and Promote Sleep by Customers at an
      Adult Use Dispensary. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 51(5), 400–404.
      https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2019.1626953

 

    • Kuhathasan, N., Dufort, A., MacKillop, J., Gottschalk, R., Minuzzi, L., & Frey, B. N. (2019). The use of cannabinoids
      for sleep: A critical review on clinical trials. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 27(4), 383–401.
      https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000285

 

    • Shannon, S., Lewis, N., Lee, H., & Hughes, S. (2019). Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series. The
      Permanente journal, 23, 18–041. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/18-041

 

    • Linares, I., Guimaraes, F. S., Eckeli, A., Crippa, A., Zuardi, A. W., Souza, J., Hallak, J. E., & Crippa, J. (2018). No
      Acute Effects of Cannabidiol on the Sleep-Wake Cycle of Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00315

 

    • Gates, P.J., Albertella, L., and Copeland, J. (2014, December). The effects of cannabinoid administration on sleep: a
      systematic review of human studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(6), 477-87.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2014.02.005

 

    • Gorelick, D. A., Goodwin, R. S., Schwilke, E., Schroeder, J. R., Schwope, D. M., Kelly, D. L., Ortemann-Renon, C.,
      Bonnet, D., & Huestis, M. A. (2013). Around-the-clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers.
      The American journal on addictions, 22(5), 510–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12003.x

 

 

Spinal Cord Injuries

    • Nabata, K. J., Tse, E. K., Nightingale, T. E., Lee, A., Eng, J. J., Querée, M., Walter, M., & Krassioukov, A. V. (2020).
      The Therapeutic Potential and Usage Patterns of Cannabinoids in People with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review.
      Current neuropharmacology, 10.2174/1570159X18666200420085712. Advance online publication.
      https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200420085712

 

    • Stetten, N., Pomeranz, J., Moorhouse, M., Yurasek, A., & Blue, A. V. (2020). The level of evidence of medical marijuana
      use for treating disabilities: a scoping review. Disability and rehabilitation, 42(9), 1190–1201.
      https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1523952

 

    • Bourke, J. A., Catherwood, V. J., Nunnerley, J. L., Martin, R. A., Levack, W., Thompson, B. L., & Acland, R. H. (2019).
      Using cannabis for pain management after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study. Spinal cord series and cases, 5, 82.
      https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-019-0227-3

 

    • Stillman, M., Capron, M., Mallow, M., Ransom, T., Gustafson, K., Bell, A., & Graves, D. (2019). Utilization of medicinal
      cannabis for pain by individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord series and cases, 5, 66.
      https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-019-0208-6

 

    • Stillman, M., Mallow, M., Ransom, T., Gustafson, K., Bell, A., & Graves, D. (2019). Attitudes toward and knowledge of
      medical cannabis among individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord series and cases, 5, 6.
      https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-019-0151-6

 

    • Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T.D., Deutsch, R., Zhao, H., Prasad, H., and Phan, A. (2016) An Exploratory Human Laboratory
      Experiment Evaluating Vaporized Cannabis in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain from Spinal Cord Injury and Disease.
      Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2016.05.010

 

    • Heutink, M., Post, M.W., Wollaars, M.M., and van Asbeck, F.W. (2011). Chronic spinal cord injury pain: pharmacological
      and non-pharmacological treatments and treatment effectiveness. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(5), 433-40.
      https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.498557

 

 

    • Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T., Deutsch, R., Gouaux, B., Sakai, S., & Donaghe, H. (2013). Low-dose vaporized cannabis
      significantly improves neuropathic pain. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society, 14(2),
      136–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.009

 

 

Women’s Health

    • Armour, M., Sinclair, J., Chalmers, K. J., & Smith, C. A. (2019). Self-management strategies amongst Australian women
      with endometriosis: a national online survey. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 19(1), 17.
      https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2431-x

 

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